Sistema Sanguíneo

	Veterinary Histology UFF Department of Morphology - Biomedic Institute LaBEc - Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology
	Veterinary Histology Atlas
			Versão em Português

Introduction

Blood
General Characteristics • Specialized Connective Tissue • Has a great amount of extracellular matrix and water • Mean of transportation of many substances: gases, hormones, vitamins, metabolic excretes, calcium, etc • Has Proteins and Blood Clotting Factors Study Methods Quantitative Macrohematocrit: Analyzes the % of the fractions of blood elements after macrocentrifugation. • Plasma • Leucocytes • Erythrocytes Microhematocrit: Similar to macrohematocrit however microcentrifugation is used instead Qualitative Blood Smear: Erythrocytes are observed, to visualize the leukocytes, dyes are used • Romanowski • Methyl Blue • Azures • Leishman • May-Grünwald • Giemsa • MGG
Components Plasma • Contains 94% of water • Immunoglobulins (M,G,A,D and E) • Albumin Blood Cells Hematids or Erythrocytes
	• Disk-like shape • Biconcave • Anucleate(mammals)
	• Erythrocytes in birds are nucleated
• Originate from the erythroblast in the red bone marrow • Store hemoglobin(carry oxygen and carbon dioxide) • Measure 7.2 to 8.0 micrometers in diameter • Shape given by the amount of hemoglobin • Erythrocytes need to be perfect in size, morphologically and physiologically
Morphological Abnormalities: Poikilocytosis: Erythrocytes with Abnormal Shape(Ex: Sickle-cell erythrocytes) • Non-flexible • It’s fragile and has a short lifespan • Viscous Blood (flow in capillaries is jeopardized) • Tissues with hypoxia • Wounds can appear on the walls of the capillaries Anisocytosis: Difference in the size of erythrocytes • Microcytosis: Decrease(below 6.8 micrometers) • Macrocytosis: Increase(above 8 micrometers)
Reticulocyte • Erythrocyte soon after loss of its nucleus • Contain many ribosomes and therefore can present an altered coloring
Leukocytes Granulocytes: Possess a specific granulation
	Neutrophils • Granules have no affinity with any type of Dye(Neutral) - Specific: lactoferrin and lysozyme - Non-specific: lysosomes • Nucleus nicely segmented, generally 3 segmentations - 4 or more segmentations: hipersegmented(old) - Less than 3 segmentations: young, still in formation, can present baton-shaped nucleus • Phagocytosis of Bacteria
	Eosinophil • Granules have affinity with eosin: - Internum - Externum(Synthesis of Enzymes) • Bilobulated nucleus • Related to Allergic Process(possess IgE receptors) • Combats Parasites
	Basophil • Granules have affinity with hematoxylin • Great amount of granules - Histamine - ECF-A - Heparin • Nucleus in the shape of a convoluted “S”(contracted over itself) • Related to Allergic Process(possess IgE receptors)
Agranulocytes: Possess only non-specific granulations(lysosomes):
	Monocyte • Large Cells • Chromatin mostly pale • Acidophilic(many ribosomes) • Irregular nucleus • Originates macrophages
	Lymphocyte • Great Nucleus/Cytoplasm Relation • Spherical nucleus • Dense Chromatin

Credits

Tissues

Epithelial

Connective

Cartilaginous

Osseous

Nervous

Muscle

Systems

Circulatory

Blood

Imune

Digestive

Accessory Gls.

Respiratory

Integumentary

Urinary

Endocrine

Male Reprod.

Female Reprod.

Birds Histology

Quiz

Videos

Bibliography